The complete iGaming, Crypto, Compliance & Sports Betting glossary.

Achievements Achievements are goal-based mechanics that reward customers for completing defined actions or milestones, used by operators to drive engagement, session length, and product discovery. Acquisition Acquisition is the operator activity of attracting and registering new customers across paid, organic, and affiliate channels, measured by volume and cost per registration or first deposit. Active Player An Active Player is a customer who has met a defined activity threshold, typically at least one wager or deposit, within a stated reporting window such as a day, week, or month. Administration (Back-Office) The back-office is the operator's internal administrative interface for managing customers, games, payments, bonuses, risk, and reporting across the iGaming platform. Affiliate Marketing Affiliate marketing is a performance-based acquisition channel in which third-party publishers refer customers to an operator in exchange for revenue share, CPA, or hybrid compensation. Affiliate Tracking Software Affiliate tracking software attributes traffic, registrations, deposits, and revenue to the referring publisher and calculates contractual payouts. Aggregator A casino aggregator is a single integration that connects an operator's platform to hundreds or thousands of game studios through one unified API, contract, and back-office. API (Application Programming Interface) An API is a defined set of endpoints that allows iGaming systems to exchange data and trigger actions, including game launches, wallet operations, KYC checks, and odds feeds. App Store Compliance App Store Compliance is the discipline of meeting Apple App Store and Google Play policies for real-money gambling apps, including licensing evidence, geo-restriction, and payment-flow rules. ARPDAU (Average Revenue Per Daily Active User) ARPDAU is total gross gaming revenue for a day divided by the number of daily active customers, used as the headline engagement and monetisation metric in iGaming. ARPPU (Average Revenue Per Paying User) ARPPU is total gaming revenue divided by the count of paying customers in a window, excluding free-play customers from the denominator. ARPU (Average Revenue Per User) ARPU is total gaming revenue divided by the number of active customers across a defined window, typically monthly, used to benchmark per-customer monetisation. ASL (Average Session Length) ASL is the average duration of a customer session on an iGaming platform, calculated as total session time divided by the number of sessions over a defined window. Autoplay Autoplay is a game feature that automatically executes a configured number of rounds at a fixed stake, subject to operator and jurisdictional limits. B2B Software Provider A B2B software provider supplies platform, game content, payments, compliance, or services to iGaming operators under licensing or revenue-share agreements rather than directly to end customers. Bonus Code A bonus code is an alphanumeric token that customers enter at registration or deposit to unlock a specific promotional offer tracked by the operator's bonus engine. Bonus Engine A Bonus Engine is the platform module that defines, awards, tracks, and settles customer bonuses, including free spins, deposit matches, cashback, and tournaments. Bonus Round A bonus round is a triggered feature inside a slot or instant game that pays out under a different rule set from the base game, typically free spins, pick-and-click, or multiplier mechanics. Book Your Bet Book Your Bet is a sportsbook feature that lets a customer assemble a bet digitally, save it with a code, and place it later at a retail outlet or through a different channel. Casino CRM Software Casino CRM Software is the customer relationship management platform tailored to iGaming, handling segmentation, lifecycle campaigns, bonus targeting, and responsible-gambling outreach. Casino Front End and Casino Back End Casino Front End is the customer-facing interface, including lobby, account, and game UI. Casino Back End is the operational layer, including PAM, bonus engine, payments, and reporting. Casino Games Casino games are the certified RNG and live-dealer titles offered through an online casino lobby, supplied by game developers and integrated via direct deals or aggregators. Casino Management Software Casino Management Software is the operational platform that handles customer accounts, games, bonuses, payments, reporting, and compliance for an online casino operator. Casino Software Casino Software is the combined platform and content stack that runs an online casino, including the player platform, game studio integrations, payments, and compliance tooling. Chargeback A chargeback is a forced reversal of a card transaction initiated by the cardholder's bank, requiring the operator to respond with evidence or accept the loss and associated fee. Churn Rate Churn Rate is the percentage of customers who move from active to inactive within a defined window, used as the inverse indicator of retention. CMS (Content Management System) A CMS is the content management system that powers static and editorial content on an operator's front-end, including landing pages, promotions, terms, and game descriptions. Conversion Conversion in iGaming is the movement of a customer from one defined funnel stage to the next, such as visit to registration, registration to first deposit, or bonus award to wagering. Conversion Rate Conversion Rate is the percentage of eligible customers who complete a defined step in the iGaming funnel, such as registering, depositing, or wagering for the first time. CPA (Cost Per Acquisition) CPA (Cost Per Acquisition) is the marketing or affiliate cost an operator pays per newly acquired customer, typically calibrated against expected cohort LTV. Crash Games Crash games are short-cycle casino games where a multiplier rises over time and customers must cash out before the curve crashes, popularised by titles such as Aviator. CRM (Customer Relationship Management) CRM is the discipline and toolset operators use to manage the customer relationship after acquisition, covering segmentation, lifecycle marketing, bonus targeting, and retention. Cross-Platform Integration Cross-platform integration is the design of an iGaming product so that customer accounts, balances, game state, and promotions stay consistent across web, mobile web, native apps, and retail channels. Custom iGaming Platform A custom iGaming platform is a bespoke build owned by the operator, designed to its exact requirements and operated either in-house or on the operator's infrastructure. Dashboard A dashboard is a visual interface that aggregates and displays iGaming KPIs and operational metrics in near real time for operator teams to monitor performance. DAU (Daily Active Users) DAU (Daily Active Users) is the count of customers who met a defined activity threshold within a single calendar day on an iGaming platform. Demo Play Demo play is a non-real-money mode that lets customers test a casino game with virtual credits, used for product discovery and game-information access. Deposit Frequency Deposit Frequency is the number of deposit events per active customer over a defined window, used as an engagement and monetisation indicator alongside average deposit size. Dispute Resolution Dispute resolution is the regulated process for handling customer complaints that the operator cannot resolve internally, typically involving an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) body approved by the licensing authority. Dual Wallet System A dual wallet system maintains separate balances for real money and bonus funds inside a single customer account, with explicit rules for how each balance is wagered and converted. eCOGRA eCOGRA is an accredited testing laboratory and standards body that certifies online casino games, RNG fairness, and operator practices for licensed iGaming brands. Endpoint An endpoint is a specific URL exposed by an API that performs a defined function, such as launching a game, debiting a wallet, or returning a balance. Engagement Engagement is the bundle of behavioural metrics that describe how actively customers interact with an iGaming platform, including session frequency, session length, and feature use. Entry Method An entry method is the qualifying action that grants a customer access to a contest, sweepstake, or tournament, including purchase-based, free-alternative, and promotional paths. Feed Providers Feed providers are data vendors that supply odds, scores, statistics, and live event signals to sportsbook operators, betting media, and trading systems. First-Time Depositors (FTD) FTD (First-Time Depositors) are customers who have made their first real-money deposit, the conversion event that defines a paying customer in iGaming reporting. Fraud Detection Fraud detection is the discipline of identifying and blocking abusive activity in iGaming, including identity fraud, payment fraud, bonus abuse, collusion, and account takeover. Front-End The front-end is the customer-facing layer of an iGaming platform, including the website, native apps, and PWA, which renders the casino and sportsbook experience. Fully Managed Service A fully managed service is a commercial model in which the vendor operates the platform and adjacent functions on behalf of the operator, from trading to risk to customer support. Gambling Gambling is the activity of staking value on an uncertain outcome in exchange for the chance of a larger return, defined in law across stake, chance, and prize. Game Developer A game developer is a studio that designs, builds, and certifies casino games for licensing by operators and aggregators across regulated iGaming markets. Game Lobby A game lobby is the customer-facing catalogue of games on an online casino, organised into categories, filters, and merchandised modules that drive title discovery. Game Portfolio A game portfolio is the catalogue of titles offered by an operator or licensed by a game provider, balanced across categories, themes, mechanics, and jurisdictions. Game Provider A game provider is the entity that licenses casino games to operators and aggregators, typically the same studio that developed the titles but sometimes a distribution partner. Gamification Gamification in iGaming applies game-design mechanics such as missions, leaderboards, levels, and rewards to the operator's customer experience to drive engagement and retention. GLI (Gaming Laboratories International) GLI (Gaming Laboratories International) is the largest accredited testing laboratory in regulated gaming, certifying games, platforms, and operator compliance across more than 480 jurisdictions worldwide. Gold Coins Gold Coins are the non-redeemable entertainment currency used in sweepstakes and social casino models, purchased directly by customers for entertainment play with no cash-out value. Gross Gaming Revenue (GGR) GGR is total wagers placed minus total winnings paid out. It is the headline revenue figure for casino and sportsbook operators, before bonus costs and operating expenses. Handle Handle is the total amount wagered by customers across a defined period or product, also called turnover, and the headline volume metric that pairs with hold percentage to produce GGR. Helpdesk A helpdesk is the customer-service function of an iGaming operator, covering live chat, email, phone, and self-service knowledge bases that handle deposits, withdrawals, KYC, bonuses, and complaints. Hit Frequency Hit Frequency is the percentage of slot spins that produce a payout of any size. It is independent of RTP and volatility, measuring how often a win occurs rather than how large it is. Hold Percentage Hold Percentage is the percentage of total wagers (handle) that the operator retains as gross gaming revenue, also called margin or keep percentage. Hosted Solution A hosted solution is an iGaming platform run on infrastructure operated by the vendor on behalf of the operator, in contrast to on-premise or operator-cloud deployments. House Edge House Edge is the operator's long-run mathematical margin on a casino game, expressed as the percentage of total wagers retained by the house. HTML5 Games HTML5 games are casino games built on web standards (HTML5, JavaScript, WebGL) that run natively in modern browsers across desktop and mobile without plugins. Hybrid Casino A hybrid casino combines real-money play and free-to-play mechanics in a single product, often pairing a traditional online casino with a sweepstakes or social-casino layer. iFrame Integration iFrame integration embeds a third-party iGaming product, typically a sportsbook or casino, inside an operator's own brand using an HTML iframe with shared session and wallet. iGaming iGaming is the industry term for real-money online gambling products, including online casino, sportsbook, poker, bingo, and lottery, delivered to customers over the internet. iGaming Engine An iGaming engine is the core software stack that runs an online casino or sportsbook, covering wallet, game integration, bonus, risk, reporting, and customer management. iGaming Platform An iGaming Platform is the multi-vertical operational core that runs an online gambling business, spanning customer accounts, game integrations, payments, compliance, and reporting. In-Browser Gaming In-browser gaming is real-money casino or sportsbook play delivered through the customer's web browser, without requiring a native app installation. Inactive Player An inactive player is a customer who has not met the operator's activity threshold within a reporting window, typically defined by a period of no real-money wagers or no login. Instant Game An instant game is a short-cycle casino title with immediate outcome resolution, including scratch cards, mini games, and crash-style mechanics. Jackpot A jackpot is a top-tier prize on a casino game that accumulates over time and is awarded under specified trigger conditions, often pooled across customers, operators, and networks. Jackpot Contribution Rate The jackpot contribution rate is the percentage of each qualifying wager that is allocated to fund the jackpot pool, deducted before the base-game RTP applies. Jackpot Engine A jackpot engine is the software that manages jackpot contributions, accruals, trigger logic, and payout reconciliation across one or many games and operators. Jackpot Pool A jackpot pool is the accumulated balance of contributions waiting to be awarded under a jackpot mechanic, shared across one or many games, operators, and customers. Jackpot Trigger A jackpot trigger is the set of conditions defined in the game's certified mathematical model that, when met, cause the jackpot pool to be awarded to the winning customer. JSON Feed A JSON Feed is a structured data stream delivered in JavaScript Object Notation, used in iGaming to exchange odds, game catalogues, results, and affiliate tracking data between systems. Junket A Junket is an organised tour that brings high-roller customers to a land-based casino, run by a third-party junket operator that arranges travel, credit, and commissions with the venue. Key Account Manager A Key Account Manager is the commercial owner of a strategic B2B relationship in iGaming, responsible for renewals, upsell, and the day-to-day partnership health with named accounts. KPI (Key Performance Indicator) A KPI (Key Performance Indicator) is a quantitative metric used by iGaming operators and vendors to measure performance against goals, including revenue, engagement, retention, and risk indicators. Latency Latency is the time delay between a customer action and the system response, measured in milliseconds, and a critical performance metric for live betting, live casino, and in-play products. Leaderboard A Leaderboard is a ranked display of customer performance against a defined metric, used by operators to run tournaments, drive engagement, and reward top performers with prize pools. Leads Leads are prospective customers who have engaged with an operator's marketing or registration flow but have not yet completed a qualifying first deposit. Liquidity Liquidity in iGaming is the depth of customer activity and money available to a specific product, market, or pool, with higher liquidity supporting larger jackpots, tighter sportsbook lines, and more competitive poker rooms. Live Animation Tracker A Live Animation Tracker is a real-time animated visualisation of an in-play sporting event, rendered from a live data feed and embedded in sportsbook customer interfaces as an alternative to video streaming. Live Betting Live Betting is wagering on a sporting event after it has started, with odds and markets updating in real time as the event progresses, and is one of the highest-revenue products in modern sportsbook operations. Live Casino Live Casino is a category of online casino games where real dealers host table games in dedicated studios, with the action streamed to customers in real time and bets placed through a digital interface. Live Streaming Services Live Streaming Services are real-time video delivery systems used by iGaming operators to broadcast sporting events to in-play bettors and to deliver live casino studio content to customers. Loyalty Program A Loyalty Program is a tiered reward structure that recognises customer activity over time, with points, status levels, and benefits that scale with deposits, wagering, and tenure. LTV (Player Lifetime Value) LTV is the total net revenue an operator expects to earn from a customer across the relationship, used to benchmark acquisition cost and channel ROI. Machine Learning Models Machine Learning Models in iGaming are statistical models trained on operator data to score customer value, predict churn, detect fraud, and personalise content, with outputs feeding CRM, risk, and product systems. Marketing Channels Marketing Channels in iGaming are the routes operators use to reach prospective and existing customers, including affiliates, paid media, organic search, sponsorship, CRM, and brand campaigns. MAU (Monthly Active Users) MAU (Monthly Active Users) is the count of customers who met a defined activity threshold within a calendar month on an iGaming platform. Mobile Gaming Mobile Gaming is the delivery of casino and sportsbook products to smartphones and tablets via responsive web, progressive web apps, or native apps, and represents the dominant share of iGaming traffic in most markets. Month-over-Month (MoM) Month-over-Month (MoM) is the percentage change in a metric from one month to the next, used in iGaming reporting to track short-cycle performance trends across revenue, customers, and operational KPIs. Multi-Games Support Multi-Games Support is the platform capability to deliver multiple gambling verticals, including casino, sportsbook, poker, bingo, and lottery, from a single integrated technology stack with a shared wallet and customer account. Net Gaming Revenue (NGR) NGR is Gross Gaming Revenue minus bonus costs, loyalty costs, gaming duties, and (often) payment-processing fees. It approximates contribution margin per customer. Non-Gaming Revenue Non-Gaming Revenue is income earned by a gambling operator from activities outside core gambling, including hospitality, food and beverage, entertainment, retail, and B2B services, more relevant in land-based but increasingly tracked online. Omnichannel Omnichannel in iGaming is the unification of customer experience and account across retail, online, and mobile channels, allowing a single customer to use the same wallet, identity, and loyalty status everywhere. Onboarding Onboarding in iGaming is the end-to-end customer journey from first site visit through registration, identity verification, and first deposit, with conversion measured at each stage and optimised to reduce drop-off. Online Bingo Software Online Bingo Software is the platform that delivers networked bingo rooms to multiple customers in real time, with ticket purchasing, automatic daubing, chat hosts, side games, and prize distribution. Online Casino An Online Casino is a regulated gambling operator that delivers casino games, including slots, table games, and live dealer products, to customers through web and mobile channels under a gaming licence. Operator An iGaming operator is a licensed business that runs an online gambling product (casino, sportsbook, poker, lottery) for end customers, holding regulatory permission to take wagers. PAM Software (Player Account Management) PAM (Player Account Management) is the core platform module that manages customer accounts, balances, KYC status, limits, bonuses, and session state across an operator's products. Payment Gateway A Payment Gateway in iGaming is the component that authorises and routes deposits and withdrawals between customer payment instruments and operator accounts, handling cards, e-wallets, bank transfers, and increasingly crypto. Payment Hub A Payment Hub is a payment orchestration layer that connects an iGaming operator to multiple payment service providers, methods, and routing rules through a single integration point. Player A player is the end customer of an iGaming operator, the individual who registers, deposits, and wagers on the operator's products. In B2B reporting, the term is often replaced with customer. Player Retention Player Retention is the share of customers who remain active over a defined window, the inverse of churn rate and one of the headline CRM and product KPIs. Player Segmentation Player Segmentation is the practice of grouping customers by behaviour, value, channel, and lifecycle stage to drive targeted CRM, product, and responsible-gambling action. Product Management Product Management in iGaming is the function that owns roadmap, feature prioritisation, and product outcomes across casino, sportsbook, payments, and platform layers, working between engineering, commercial, and compliance stakeholders. Progress Bars Progress Bars in iGaming are visual indicators that show customer progression toward defined milestones, such as bonus unlock, loyalty tier advancement, or achievement completion, used to reinforce engagement and signal proximity to reward. Promo Calendar A Promo Calendar is the structured schedule of promotional activity an iGaming operator runs across the year, mapping campaigns to verticals, customer segments, channels, and jurisdictions. PSP (Payment Service Provider) A PSP (Payment Service Provider) is a third-party vendor that processes deposits and withdrawals on behalf of an iGaming operator, connecting the operator wallet to card networks, e-wallets, bank rails, and crypto channels. PWA (Progressive Web App) A PWA (Progressive Web App) is a web-based application that behaves like a native mobile app, installable to the home screen and capable of offline behaviour, and used by iGaming operators to deliver app-quality experiences without app store distribution. Quantitative Analysis Quantitative Analysis in iGaming is the application of mathematical and statistical modelling to trading, pricing, fraud, retention, and risk decisions, used by operators and vendors to convert data into operational signals. Retail Betting Retail Betting is wagering placed in physical environments such as betting shops, kiosks, or casino sportsbooks, and covers the land-based sportsbook segment of the gambling market. Revenue Share Revenue Share is a commercial model in iGaming where an affiliate or partner receives an ongoing percentage of the Net Gaming Revenue generated by referred customers, rather than a fixed CPA. Risk Management Risk Management in iGaming is the discipline of controlling exposure across trading, fraud, compliance, and counterparty risk, run by dedicated teams that price, monitor, and mitigate the operator's full liability surface. RNG (Random Number Generator) An RNG is a certified algorithm that produces statistically random outputs used to determine the outcome of every round in an online casino game. RTP (Return to Player) RTP (Return to Player) is the percentage of wagered money a casino game returns to customers over time, certified by an external testing lab and fixed for a given game build. Setup Setup in iGaming B2B is the configuration and onboarding work that takes a vendor relationship from contract signature to live operation, covering technical integration, commercial parameters, compliance, and operational readiness. Skin A Skin in iGaming is a separately branded front-end casino or sportsbook that runs on a shared back-end platform, licence, and wallet, used to operate multiple brands cost-effectively under a single regulated operator. Social Betting Social Betting is a category of betting features that let customers wager with or against each other, share bet slips, follow other customers, and compete in challenges, used by operators to boost engagement and viral acquisition. Social Casino A Social Casino is a free-to-play casino product that uses virtual currency for wagering, monetised through optional purchases of additional coins, and operated outside the real-money gambling regulatory perimeter in most jurisdictions. Soft Launch A Soft Launch in iGaming is a controlled product release to a restricted audience, used to validate platform stability, customer experience, and operational readiness before a full public launch. Sweeps Coins Sweeps Coins are the cash-redeemable promotional currency in sweepstakes casino models, awarded through sweepstakes mechanics rather than direct purchase and redeemable for prizes once a customer reaches a minimum threshold. Sweepstakes Gaming Systems Sweepstakes Gaming Systems are casino products that use a dual-coin model, where one coin has no cash value and a second coin is awarded through promotional sweepstakes and can be redeemed for cash prizes, designed to operate outside conventional gambling licensing. Targeting Parameters Targeting Parameters are the variables that define who receives a campaign, offer, or content surface in an iGaming product, configured in CRM and bonus engines to deliver personalised promotion to defined customer segments. Telegram Casinos Telegram Casinos are casino products delivered through Telegram bots or mini apps, letting customers register, deposit, play, and withdraw inside the Telegram messaging environment without leaving the app. Terms and Conditions Terms and Conditions in iGaming are the binding contractual agreement between an operator and its customers, covering accepted use of the product, bonus rules, withdrawal mechanics, dispute resolution, and the operator's licensing and regulatory framework. Third-Party Provider A Third-Party Provider in iGaming is an external vendor that supplies technology, content, or services to an operator, including game studios, platform providers, payment processors, compliance vendors, and managed-service operators. Time to Market Time to Market in iGaming is the elapsed time from a strategic decision to launch a new product, feature, or market entry until that launch is live and generating revenue, used as a procurement and execution metric across operators and vendors. Touch-Optimized Interface A Touch-Optimized Interface in iGaming is a casino or sportsbook UI designed for finger input on mobile devices, with larger hit targets, gesture support, and layouts that perform well on small screens. Tournaments Tournaments in iGaming are competitive promotional formats that rank customers on a leaderboard based on play in eligible games over a defined period, with prize pool payouts to top finishers. Training Services Training Services in iGaming B2B are structured programs that equip operator staff to run vendor platforms, configure features, manage compliance, and respond to incidents, delivered alongside platform setup and through ongoing customer success. Turnkey Solution A turnkey solution is a complete casino or sportsbook technology stack supplied to a brand that holds its own gambling licence, including platform, content, payments, and operational tooling. UI/UX (User Interface / User Experience) UI/UX is the discipline of designing the interface and end-to-end experience of an iGaming platform, covering visual design, interaction patterns, mobile responsiveness, accessibility, and conversion-oriented information architecture. Uptime Uptime is the percentage of time an iGaming platform or service is available and operating normally over a defined measurement window. It is the headline SLA metric in every B2B vendor contract. User Account Management (UAM) User Account Management (UAM) is the operator subsystem that handles customer registration, identity, balances, limits, communication preferences, and session state. It is closely related to PAM (Player Account Management). UV (Unique Visitor) A Unique Visitor (UV) is a single deduplicated visitor to an iGaming website or app within a defined measurement window. It is a top-of-funnel metric, distinct from registered users and active customers. VIP Player A VIP Player is a high-value customer who receives dedicated account management, enhanced bonuses, and higher limits in exchange for above-average wagering and deposit volume. VIPs typically account for a disproportionate share of operator revenue. VLT (Video Lottery Terminal) A Video Lottery Terminal (VLT) is a server-based gaming machine, typically installed in licensed venues, that operates under lottery regulation rather than as standalone gaming. Outcomes are determined by a central server, not by the terminal itself. Volatility Volatility describes how wins are distributed in a slot or casino game: frequent and small (low volatility) versus rare and large (high volatility). Independent of RTP. White Label A white label is a casino or sportsbook product built and operated by a licensed platform provider, branded and marketed by a separate commercial partner. XR Gaming XR (Extended Reality) Gaming covers virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) experiences applied to iGaming. It is an emerging vertical with pilots in live casino, sportsbook, and immersive slots content. Yield Yield in iGaming is the realised margin earned on bets or wagers, calculated as net profit divided by total stake, used in sportsbook and risk-management reporting. YoY (Year-over-Year) Year-over-Year (YoY) is a comparison of a metric in a current period to the same metric in the equivalent period a year earlier, used to normalise for seasonality and to assess growth trajectory.

Agentic Commerce in Crypto Casinos Agentic commerce in crypto casinos refers to the use of autonomous software agents that hold a crypto wallet, sign transactions on behalf of a customer, and interact with on-chain casino contracts and front-ends without per-action human input. Bitcoin Casino A Bitcoin casino is an iGaming operator that accepts BTC for deposits and withdrawals, either with native BTC wallet integration or through a payment service provider that converts BTC into a settlement currency. Blockchain Blockchain is a distributed, append-only ledger that records transactions across a network without a central authority. In iGaming, it powers crypto casinos, provably fair gaming, and on-chain settlement. Chain Analysis (Blockchain Analytics) Chain analysis is the discipline of tracing, attributing, and risk-scoring on-chain cryptocurrency activity, used by iGaming operators and regulators to support AML compliance, sanctions screening, fraud investigation, and source-of-funds verification. Cold Storage Cold storage is the practice of holding cryptocurrency reserves in offline wallets whose private keys never touch internet-connected infrastructure, used by operators to protect long-term reserves from remote attack. Crypto Casino A crypto casino is an iGaming operator built around cryptocurrency deposits and withdrawals, typically with on-chain settlement, multi-chain wallet support, and a content mix that includes provably fair games. Crypto Payment Gateway A crypto payment gateway is a specialist payment service provider that handles cryptocurrency deposits, withdrawals, and reconciliation across multiple chains, integrating with the operator's wallet and back-office systems through API. Cryptocurrency Cryptocurrency is a digital, blockchain-native currency used in iGaming for deposits, wagers, and withdrawals. Common examples include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, and stablecoins such as USDT and USDC. DAO Casino A DAO casino is an iGaming operator whose treasury, configuration parameters, or game-pool economics are governed by a token-voting decentralised autonomous organisation rather than by a traditional corporate board. Digital Wallet (E-Wallet) A digital wallet or e-wallet is a custodial payment account, held with a regulated third party, that customers use to deposit and withdraw from iGaming operators without exposing their underlying card or bank details to the operator. Fiat Off-Ramp A fiat off-ramp is a service that converts customer cryptocurrency into fiat (card, bank, e-wallet) at withdrawal, letting customers receive winnings in their local currency without managing crypto themselves. Fiat On-Ramp A fiat on-ramp is a service that converts customer fiat funding (card, bank, e-wallet) into cryptocurrency at the deposit step, letting customers fund a crypto-denominated balance without holding crypto themselves. Gas Fee A gas fee is the on-chain transaction cost paid to network validators for processing a cryptocurrency transfer or smart-contract call, denominated in the native token of the chain and varying with network congestion. Hot Wallet A hot wallet is an internet-connected cryptocurrency wallet that operators use for live deposits and withdrawals, holding the operational balance needed to process customer transactions in near real time. ICO (Initial Coin Offering) An Initial Coin Offering (ICO) is a crypto-native fundraising mechanism in which a project issues a new token in exchange for established cryptocurrency or fiat. In iGaming, ICOs have been used by a small number of platform and casino-token projects. KYT (Know Your Transaction) KYT is the practice of screening cryptocurrency transactions in real time against sanctioned addresses, mixers, darknet markets, and other high-risk sources, used by operators to apply AML controls to on-chain payment flows. Layer 2 Networks Layer 2 networks are scaling protocols built on top of a base blockchain (typically Ethereum or Bitcoin) that process transactions off the main chain at lower cost and higher throughput while inheriting the base layer's security. Lightning Network The Lightning Network is a Layer 2 payment protocol built on top of Bitcoin that enables instant, low-fee transactions through bidirectional payment channels, used in iGaming for sub-second Bitcoin deposits and withdrawals. Multi-Chain Support Multi-chain support is an operator capability to accept the same cryptocurrency or stablecoin across multiple blockchains, letting customers choose the chain that fits their gas-fee and confirmation-time preferences. NFT Casino An NFT casino is an operator that integrates non-fungible tokens into the product, typically as access passes for token-gated content, as loyalty badges, or as ownable in-game assets recorded on a blockchain. Non-Custodial Wallet A non-custodial wallet is a cryptocurrency wallet where the customer holds the private keys directly, with no third-party custodian, used as the entry point for Web3 gambling, token-gated content, and DeFi-style on-chain flows. On-Chain / Off-Chain Transactions On-chain transactions are recorded directly on a public blockchain and settle through network consensus. Off-chain transactions are internal book entries on the operator's platform that net out periodically against on-chain balances. Provably Fair Provably fair is a verification model used in crypto casinos where game outcomes are derived from a combination of server seed, client seed, and a nonce. The seeds and the verification method are published so customers can re-derive the outcome after the round. Smart Contract Audit A smart contract audit is a third-party security review of a casino's deployed code (typically on Ethereum, Solana, or a Layer 2 network) carried out by a specialist firm to identify vulnerabilities before mainnet launch. Smart Contracts A smart contract is a programmable piece of code deployed on a blockchain that executes deterministic logic when invoked. In iGaming, smart contracts are used for automated payouts, jackpot triggers, bonus rules, and on-chain game outcomes. Solana for Crypto Casinos Solana is a high-throughput Layer 1 blockchain that handles thousands of transactions per second with sub-second finality and very low fees. It is widely adopted by crypto casinos for deposits, withdrawals, and on-chain game logic. Stablecoin A stablecoin is a cryptocurrency designed to maintain a fixed value against a reference asset, usually the US dollar, used in iGaming to remove price volatility from deposits, wagers, and withdrawals. Token-Gated Content Token-gated content is content, tournaments, or VIP access conditioned on a customer holding a specific cryptocurrency token or non-fungible token in a wallet connected to the operator's platform. USDC (USD Coin) USDC is the US dollar-pegged stablecoin issued by Circle, backed by fully reserved cash and short-dated US Treasuries, and used in iGaming as a transparent, audit-friendly settlement asset. USDT (Tether) USDT is the US dollar-pegged stablecoin issued by Tether Limited, available on Ethereum, Tron, Solana, and several other chains, and the most widely accepted crypto deposit method in iGaming. Wallet (Crypto) A crypto wallet is a tool that holds the private keys controlling on-chain assets. It can be self-custodied by the customer or held by a third party. Operators maintain operator-side wallets to receive deposits and pay withdrawals. Web3 Gambling Web3 gambling is the category of iGaming products built around non-custodial wallets, on-chain smart contracts, and tokenised assets, where the customer connects a self-custody wallet rather than creating an operator account. Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) A zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) is a cryptographic method that lets one party prove a statement is true to another party without revealing any information beyond the truth of the statement itself.

2FA (Two-Factor Authentication) 2FA is two-factor authentication, a security control requiring a second proof of identity (something the customer has or is) in addition to a password, applied to logins, payments, and administrative access. AML (Anti-Money Laundering) AML is the regulatory framework requiring gambling operators to detect, prevent, and report money-laundering activity, including KYC, transaction monitoring, suspicious-activity reporting, and sanctions screening. Betting Limits Betting limits are caps on individual bet size, applied by operators per market and per customer, and (in some jurisdictions) imposed by regulators on specific products such as fixed-odds betting terminals and online slots. Bonus Abuse Bonus abuse is the systematic exploitation of operator promotions, typically through multi-accounting, collusion, or stake-pattern manipulation, to extract value without engaging in genuine play. Compliance Compliance is the framework of regulatory, AML, data, and consumer-protection obligations a licensed gambling operator must satisfy to maintain its licence and avoid enforcement action. Deposit Limit A deposit limit is a responsible-gambling control that caps how much a customer can deposit per day, week, or month, set by the customer and enforced by the operator. Due Diligence Due diligence is the structured risk assessment a licensed operator applies to customers, vendors, and counterparties to verify identity, source of funds, and regulatory standing before establishing a relationship. Gambling Addiction Gambling addiction is a recognised behavioural disorder characterised by persistent and recurrent gambling behaviour that causes significant harm, classified by clinical bodies under disordered or pathological gambling. Gambling Commission A Gambling Commission is a statutory regulator responsible for licensing, supervising, and enforcing against gambling operators in a given jurisdiction, with the UK Gambling Commission as the best-known example. Gambling Jurisdiction A gambling jurisdiction is the legal territory under which a gambling licence is issued, supervised, and enforced, defining the regulatory regime, tax framework, and consumer protections that apply. Gambling Liability Gambling liability is the operator's combined financial obligation to customers, including customer-deposit balances, unsettled winnings, and any regulatory or contractual exposure created by operator conduct. Gambling Licence A gambling licence is the statutory authorisation issued by a regulator that permits an operator to offer gambling services in a specified jurisdiction, subject to licence conditions, codes of practice, and ongoing supervision. Gambling Scam A gambling scam is a deliberate scheme to defraud customers or operators through fake licences, rigged games, withheld withdrawals, impersonation, or coordinated account fraud. GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) GDPR is the European Union General Data Protection Regulation governing how personal data of EU residents is collected, processed, and stored, with extraterritorial reach across all gambling operators handling EU customer data. Geo-Blocking Geo-blocking is the technical control used by licensed operators to restrict access to gambling services from jurisdictions where the operator is not licensed or where gambling activity is prohibited. Identity Fraud Identity fraud is the use of stolen, synthetic, or manipulated personal identity data to open or operate a gambling account, undermining KYC, AML, and underage-prevention controls. Incident Response Incident response is the disciplined process licensed operators use to detect, contain, investigate, and report security, privacy, and operational incidents in line with regulatory and contractual obligations. Instant Withdrawal Instant withdrawal is the ability for a verified customer to receive a payout to their funding method within minutes of requesting it, enabled by real-time payment rails and pre-completed KYC and AML checks. ISO 27001 ISO 27001 is the international standard for information-security management systems (ISMS), used in iGaming as a baseline procurement signal for operators and B2B vendors that handle customer data and payment information. Justice Department The US Department of Justice (DOJ) is the federal agency responsible for enforcing US gambling statutes, including the Wire Act, UIGEA, and money-laundering laws that intersect with online gambling. KYB (Know Your Business) KYB (Know Your Business) is the corporate-counterparty due-diligence process licensed operators apply to verify the identity, ownership, and regulatory standing of business partners, affiliates, and vendors. KYC (Know Your Customer) KYC is the regulatory process of verifying a customer's identity before they can transact with a licensed operator, including identity documents, address proof, and ongoing monitoring. KYC Risk Scoring KYC risk scoring is the process of assigning a quantified risk rating to each customer based on identity, behaviour, geography, and product use, used to drive proportionate due-diligence intensity under a risk-based approach. Loss Limit A loss limit is a responsible-gambling control that caps a customer's net losses per day, week, or month, set by the customer and enforced by the operator. MGA (Malta Gaming Authority) The MGA is the Malta Gaming Authority, the regulator that licenses, supervises, and enforces against gambling operators and B2B suppliers operating from or into Malta-regulated markets. Multi-Currency Support Multi-currency support is the platform capability to operate customer wallets, payments, accounting, and AML monitoring across multiple fiat and crypto currencies without manual conversion. PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard) PCI DSS is the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, the security framework operators must follow when storing, processing, or transmitting payment-card data. Reality Check A reality check is an on-screen prompt that interrupts gameplay at customer-defined intervals to display elapsed session time and net win or loss, required by major regulators as a responsible-gambling control. RG (Responsible Gambling) Responsible Gambling (RG) is the framework of operator-side controls, customer tools, and regulator obligations designed to prevent and mitigate gambling-related harm. Segregated Balance A segregated balance is customer money held separately from an operator's working capital, typically in a designated bank account or trust structure, so that customer funds are protected if the operator becomes insolvent. Self-Exclusion Self-exclusion is a responsible-gambling control that allows a customer to block access to gambling for a defined period, applied at operator level or across an entire jurisdiction through a national register. Time Limit A time limit is a responsible-gambling control that caps the duration of a customer's gambling session or daily play time, set by the customer and enforced at the platform level. Tokenization Tokenization is the security technique of replacing sensitive payment data, such as a card Primary Account Number, with a non-sensitive token that has no extractable value if intercepted. UIGEA (Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act) UIGEA is the US Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006, which prohibits financial institutions from knowingly processing payments related to unlawful internet gambling. UKGC (UK Gambling Commission) The UKGC is the UK Gambling Commission, the independent regulator that licenses, supervises, and enforces against gambling operators and B2B suppliers active in the UK market. Underage Gambling Prevention Underage gambling prevention is the set of age-verification, marketing, and product controls that prevent minors from registering, depositing, or otherwise accessing gambling services. W2W Ban (Wallet-to-Wallet Transfer Ban) A W2W ban is a regulatory or operator-imposed restriction that prevents customers from transferring funds directly to other customer wallets inside the same operator system.

Acca Insurance Acca Insurance is a promotional mechanic that refunds the stake on an accumulator when a single selection loses, used by sportsbook operators to drive multiple-bet volume. Accumulator An accumulator is a single bet that combines multiple selections, where the customer wins only if every leg settles correctly. The combined odds are the product of the individual prices. Bet Builder A Bet Builder is a sportsbook product that lets customers combine multiple selections from a single event into one bet, with prices generated by a correlation-aware pricing model. Bet Slip A bet slip is the sportsbook interface component where a customer reviews selected markets, enters a stake, and confirms a wager before it is sent to the trading engine for acceptance. Betting Exchange A betting exchange is a peer-to-peer order-book platform where customers back or lay outcomes against each other, with the operator charging commission on net winnings rather than building margin into the price. Betting Market A betting market is a specific outcome question offered on an event, with defined selections and prices. Match result, total goals, and first goalscorer are all separate markets on a single fixture. Betting Software Betting software is the integrated technology stack that powers a sportsbook, including the trading engine, pricing service, bet placement, settlement, risk management, and customer front end. Bookmaker A bookmaker is a licensed operator that quotes prices on sports outcomes, accepts customer bets, manages risk, and pays winnings. Modern bookmakers run integrated online platforms across multiple jurisdictions. Daily Fantasy Sports (DFS) Daily Fantasy Sports (DFS) is a short-format contest product where customers build virtual rosters from real athletes and compete on cumulative real-world performance over a single day or fixture window. Default Odds Default odds are the initial prices a sportsbook quotes for a market when it first opens, generated by the pricing model before customer action or trading-desk adjustments move the line. Dynamic Odds Dynamic odds are sportsbook prices that update in real time in response to customer bets, market movement, in-play events, and trading-desk decisions, distinct from static or default opening prices. Edge Edge in sports betting is the structural advantage of one party over another, measured as the difference between the true probability of an outcome and the price at which it is bet, expressed as expected value. eSports eSports betting is sportsbook activity on professional competitive video gaming events, with markets across major titles including CS:GO, Dota 2, League of Legends, and Valorant. Event Bet An event bet is a wager attached to a single sporting fixture, with one or more selections drawn from the markets offered on that event. It contrasts with futures bets, which span seasons or tournaments. Expected Value (EV) Expected Value (EV) is the probability-weighted return of a bet over many trials, calculated by multiplying each possible outcome by its probability and summing the result. Positive EV implies long-run profit. Fantasy Sports Fantasy sports are skill-based contests where customers build virtual rosters of real athletes and compete on cumulative real-world performance, either over a season or in shorter daily formats. Fixed Odds Fixed odds betting is a wagering model where the price agreed at the time of bet placement is the price used at settlement, regardless of subsequent line moves or market activity. Futures Bet A futures bet is a long-horizon wager on the outcome of a season, tournament, or award, placed weeks or months before resolution. Outright and ante-post are common alternative names. Head-to-Head Betting Head-to-head betting is a two-way market that prices one competitor or selection against another, with the customer backing whichever side they expect to finish ahead on the defined criterion. Line A line is the trading desk's reference number on a market. It can be the point spread, the total, the moneyline price, or any other published number that customers wager against. Microbetting Microbetting is an in-play product that offers very short-duration markets settled on the next pitch, play, or possession, delivered through low-latency pricing and data infrastructure. Odds Odds express the probability and payout of a betting outcome. They are quoted in decimal, fractional, or American format, all conveying the same underlying information. Odds Compiler An odds compiler is a trading professional who sets and manages sportsbook prices, combining quantitative models, sport-specific knowledge, and live trading judgement to publish defensible odds. Odds Feed An odds feed is a third-party stream of pre-match and in-play prices that operators consume via API to populate their sportsbook, with the operator adding margin and trading overlays on top. Over/Under An over/under bet is a two-way market on whether a published total (goals, points, runs, corners, or any other countable metric) finishes above or below a trading-desk line. Overlay An overlay is a situation where the published price on a selection is higher than the true probability of the outcome, giving the customer a positive expected value on the bet. Qualifying Bet A qualifying bet is the wager a customer has to place to trigger a sign-up bonus or promotion, typically with a minimum stake and minimum odds requirement set in the bonus rules. Sports Betting Sports betting is the regulated business of pricing and accepting wagers on the outcome of sports events, operated by licensed bookmakers and exchanges across retail and online channels. Sports Trading Software Sports trading software is the trader-facing application that surfaces live liability, current prices, customer action, and news, and lets the trading desk move lines, set limits, and manage risk in real time. Sportsbook A sportsbook is the integrated platform that prices, accepts, and settles sports bets, covering trading, bet placement, risk management, settlement, and the customer-facing front end. Sportsbook API A sportsbook API is the set of programmatic endpoints that expose pricing, bet placement, settlement, and reporting functions of a sportsbook platform to operator front ends and integrated third-party systems. Stake Stake is the amount of money a customer commits to a wager. Combined with the published odds, it determines the potential payout. Stake size, distribution, and limits are core inputs to sportsbook trading and risk management. Tipster A tipster is a third-party who publishes selection picks on sports events for customer audiences, typically through paid subscription, affiliate channels, or social platforms. Underdog An underdog is the competitor priced above evens on a matchup market, with implied probability below 50 percent. Underdog selections pay out more than the stake in profit when they win. Underlay An underlay is a situation where the published price on a selection is lower than the true probability of the outcome, giving the customer a negative expected value beyond the standard operator margin. Vigorish Vigorish is the margin a sportsbook builds into its published odds. It is the gap between the true probability of an outcome and the implied probability of the quoted price, and it is the operator's theoretical gross margin per market. Virtual Sports Virtual sports are computer-generated sports events with simulated outcomes produced by a certified random number generator, run on a continuous schedule and bet on like real fixtures.